Effectiveness of RSV Vaccination in Older Adults: A Critical Examination

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has long been a concern for older adults, with the potential for severe outcomes such as hospitalization. A recent study led by Diya Surie, MD, of the CDC in Atlanta, showed promising results in terms of vaccine effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalization in adults aged 60 and over during the 2023-2024 season.

The study found that RSV vaccination in older adults resulted in a significant reduction in the risk of hospitalization due to RSV. The vaccine effectiveness was reported to be 75% in adults aged 60 and over, with similar effectiveness across different age groups. This suggests that RSV vaccination could be a valuable preventive measure for older adults at risk of severe RSV disease.

The findings of this study have important implications for public health recommendations regarding RSV vaccination in older adults. The CDC currently recommends a single dose of RSV vaccine for all adults age 75 and older, as well as for those ages 60 to 74 years at increased risk for severe RSV disease. With three vaccines now approved for older adults, it is crucial to consider the potential benefits of vaccination in preventing RSV-associated hospitalizations.

While the results of the study are promising, it is important to acknowledge its limitations. The study included a relatively small sample size of 2,978 adults aged 60 and over, with only 367 representing case patients. This raises questions about the generalizability of the findings to a larger population. Additionally, disparities in vaccine uptake and low uptake in the first season of use could have influenced the results, leading to potential residual confounding from unmeasured factors.

The study on the effectiveness of RSV vaccination in older adults provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of vaccination in reducing the risk of RSV-associated hospitalization. While the findings are significant, further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of RSV vaccination in older adults. Public health efforts should focus on promoting RSV vaccination as a preventive measure in older adults at risk of severe RSV disease.